Honda2010–2016 Critical issues documented

Honda CR-Z: common faults & what to check

Thinking about buying a used Honda CR-Z (2010–2016) in New Zealand? We've documented 15 known faults for this model spanning electrical, transmission, brakes, and suspension. Each researched and verified before it's published. The most serious issues here are rated critical. Every one is listed below with its symptoms and repair cost, and each has its own page with where to look and what to ask the seller. Free, no account needed.

Check this exact Honda CR-Z

Odometer history
Money owing
Reported stolen
Ownership history

Official NZ vehicle register data
NZ owned and operated

Type the plate for the free basics. The full record is a paid check from $13.49, one car at a time, no subscription.

No NZ plate yet, or buying in Australia? Pick the generation and engine and start a free check below. New to KickTyres? How the check works →

Documented faults

Critical

Most serious

$400–$1,800

Typical repair

Systems covered

Which Honda CR-Z are you looking at?

1 generation variant documented. Pick the shape you recognise: the faults, the servicing and the timeline below all narrow to it. Free, no account needed.

Hybrid

1 variant documented

2010–2016ZF12010–2016ZF11.5 hybridHybridDocumented issues15 knownSee faults & what to checkPhoto: IFCAR via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.

Now narrow it to the engine

A 1.8 and a 2.4 of the same car do not fail the same way, so the faults below narrow to the engine as well as the year. Free, no account needed.

Which engine is in it? These cover every year of this model.

1.5 hybrid· 1.5 litre hybrid

Start your free check on this Honda CR-Z

No plate needed. You get the risk score, the buyer's checklist and the guided inspection for the exact car you picked above — not the whole nameplate.

Honda CR-Z

Likely — same engine family

Honda CR-Z

Narrowed by capacity and fuel. No engine code is recorded for this option, so a fault specific to one engine of that size cannot be confirmed from it.

Matched on capacity and fuel, not on an engine code.

4 documented faults name an engine this selection cannot confirm. They are listed separately below.

matched on 1.5L engine

What to look out for

The checks worth doing on a Honda CR-Z before you hand over any money. Every documented fault is listed below, each with its own page.

Serious issue
Scan for IMA and charging system codes together.
See why
IMA DC-DC converter failure
The DC-DC converter steps down IMA high-voltage battery output to charge the 12V accessory battery. Converter failure causes the 12V battery to drain and eventually leaves the car unable to start or operate electrical systems. The IMA and charging warning lights both illuminate. The converter is a sealed unit requiring specialist replacement and is often misdiagnosed as a standard 12V battery fault.
What you would notice
- IMA system warning light on
- Charging system warning light on simultaneously
- 12V battery repeatedly going flat despite being new
- Multiple electrical systems failing at once
- Car won't start despite good 12V battery
Typically $900–$2,800 to put right.
Costly issue
Scan for IMA-specific fault codes using Honda HDS or compatible scanner.
See why
IMA battery voltage sag triggering dual warning lights
Under sustained high-load demand such as motorway overtaking or steep hill climbing, degraded IMA battery modules experience acute voltage sag below the threshold required for stable hybrid system operation. This causes both the check engine light and IMA warning light to illuminate simultaneously. Stored fault codes typically include P1600 and P1576 relating to battery module under-voltage events. The check engine light appears because the hybrid system enters a protective reduced-output mode that affects emission-related parameters. Individual module replacement or full pack reconditioning is required to resolve the condition.
What you would notice
- Check engine light and IMA warning light illuminated simultaneously
- Sudden loss of electric motor assist during motorway acceleration
- IMA assist cutting out on uphill grades under sustained load
- DTC codes P1600 or P1576 stored in ECU
- IMA charge gauge dropping rapidly under load
Typically $1,500–$5,000 to put right.
Costly issue
Scan for IMA-related DTCs (P1447, P1449, P1576, P1578, P1600).
See why
IMA NiMH Traction Battery Cell Degradation
The CR-Z ZF1/ZF2 uses a 100.8V NiMH battery pack mounted under the rear cargo floor to power the Integrated Motor Assist system. As cells age beyond 8–10 years or 120,000 km, individual cells lose capacity and develop voltage imbalance, causing the BCM to reduce or disable motor assist and trigger the amber IMA warning light. In severe cases the system enters failsafe mode, effectively turning the vehicle into a naturally aspirated 1.5L without hybrid assist, with a measurable drop in performance and fuel economy.
What you would notice
- Amber IMA warning light illuminated on instrument cluster
- Reduced or absent motor assist bars on the power/charge gauge
- Noticeably lower fuel economy than rated
- Engine feels sluggish under load, especially at low RPM
- Battery charge bars drop rapidly after short bursts of assist
Typically $1,200–$4,500 to put right.
Costly issue
Scan the IMA battery health, observe the charge/assist gauges on a drive, and ask about any battery reconditioning or replacement.
See why
IMA hybrid battery degradation
The CR-Z's Integrated Motor Assist battery degrades with age, losing capacity and eventually triggering IMA warnings and reduced assist/economy. Replacement is a significant cost, making battery health a key used-buyer check.
What you would notice
- IMA warning light
- Reduced electric assist
- Erratic charge/discharge gauge
- Poorer economy
Typically $1,500–$3,500 to put right.
Costly issue
Inspect ball joint dust boot for splits or grease loss indicating contamination and premature wear.
See why
Front lower arm ball joint wear at high mileage
The pressed-in lower ball joints on the ZF1 front suspension lower control arms develop measurable axial and radial play beyond 120,000 km. Worn joints produce handling imprecision, increased steering wander, and audible clunking over bumps and on full steering lock. Because the ball joint is integral to the lower control arm on the ZF1, repair typically requires complete arm assembly replacement rather than an isolated joint. Failure to address worn joints results in WOF rejection under New Zealand inspection standards and in extreme cases can result in joint separation.
What you would notice
- Clunking noise from front suspension over bumps or on steering lock
- Vague or wandering steering feel
- Uneven or accelerated front tyre wear
- Vibration transmitted through steering wheel at speed
- WOF failure for excessive suspension joint play
Typically $350–$900 to put right.
Costly issue
Inspect adjuster wheels for corrosion and check freedom of movement.
See why
Rear drum brake adjuster seizure
The CR-Z ZF1 uses rear drum brakes. The self-adjusting mechanism uses a threaded adjuster wheel that corrodes and seizes, preventing automatic adjustment as the linings wear. A seized adjuster causes the rear drums to adjust too wide, leading to excessive pedal travel, reduced braking efficiency, and ultimately brake shoe-to-drum contact at the wrong geometry. Common on NZ/AU examples due to road salt and moisture exposure under the vehicle.
What you would notice
- Long or spongy brake pedal travel
- Rear brake effectiveness reduced
- Squealing from rear drums at slow speed
- Handbrake requiring more travel than normal to hold the vehicle
Typically $250–$700 to put right.

See all 15 documented issuesEverything researched for the Honda CR-Z, including 1 rated critical.

Engine, transmission & cooling1

01VTEC actuator/solenoid noise and valve issues

Listen for VTEC actuator noise, confirm VTEC engages on a drive, and check oil condition and service history.hybrid2010–2016Engine$150–$800

OccasionalEngine $150–$800 to fix

The CR-Z's 1.5 LEA i-VTEC can develop VTEC solenoid noise and rough running if oil maintenance is neglected, with the actuator ticking and VTEC engagement affected. Oil history matters for smooth operation.

Symptoms to notice

Ticking or rattle from the head
VTEC not engaging smoothly
CEL for VTEC system
Rough running when cold

What to check

Listen for VTEC actuator noise, confirm VTEC engages on a drive, and check oil condition and service history.

Where to look: VTEC solenoid/actuator on the cylinder head

Ask the seller

“Any ticking from the engine?”
“Does it run smoothly?”
“What oil interval has it had?”

Electrical1 critical6

02IMA DC-DC converter failure

Scan for IMA and charging system codes together.hybrid2010–2016Electrical$900–$2,800

OccasionalElectrical $900–$2,800 to fix

The DC-DC converter steps down IMA high-voltage battery output to charge the 12V accessory battery. Converter failure causes the 12V battery to drain and eventually leaves the car unable to start or operate electrical systems. The IMA and charging warning lights both illuminate. The converter is a sealed unit requiring specialist replacement and is often misdiagnosed as a standard 12V battery fault.

Symptoms to notice

IMA system warning light on
Charging system warning light on simultaneously
12V battery repeatedly going flat despite being new
Multiple electrical systems failing at once
Car won't start despite good 12V battery

What to check

Scan for IMA and charging system codes together.
Check 12V battery voltage and charging voltage with engine running — should be 13.8-14.4V.
If charging voltage is absent with IMA system active, suspect DC-DC converter.
Ask if car has had repeated 12V battery replacements.

Where to look: DC-DC converter within the IMA system electronics, typically under the boot floor alongside battery pack

Parts involved: 12V battery.

Ask the seller

“Has the IMA or charging warning light appeared?”
“Has the 12V battery been replaced more than once?”
“Has the car ever failed to start due to electrical issues?”

03IMA battery voltage sag triggering dual warning lights

Scan for IMA-specific fault codes using Honda HDS or compatible scanner.hybrid2010–2016Electrical$1,500–$5,000Read the full fault: symptoms, where to look, what to ask the seller

04IMA NiMH Traction Battery Cell Degradation

05IMA hybrid battery degradation

Scan the IMA battery health, observe the charge/assist gauges on a drive, and ask about any battery reconditioning or replacement.hybrid2010–2016Electrical$1,500–$3,500

CommonElectrical $1,500–$3,500 to fix

The CR-Z's Integrated Motor Assist battery degrades with age, losing capacity and eventually triggering IMA warnings and reduced assist/economy. Replacement is a significant cost, making battery health a key used-buyer check.

Symptoms to notice

IMA warning light
Reduced electric assist
Erratic charge/discharge gauge
Poorer economy

What to check

Scan the IMA battery health, observe the charge/assist gauges on a drive, and ask about any battery reconditioning or replacement.

Where to look: IMA hybrid battery

Ask the seller

“Any IMA warning lights?”
“Has the hybrid battery been replaced or reconditioned?”
“How is the assist and economy?”

06IMA motor connector wear causing assist dropout at speed

Inspect IMA motor power harness connector and motor control module connector terminals for fretting corrosion, discolouration, or pin retraction.hybrid2010–2016Electrical$400–$1,800

RareElectrical $400–$1,800 to fix

The IMA motor power unit wiring harness connector and motor control module connector are subject to fretting corrosion and terminal pin wear at high mileage, particularly where the harness routes between the engine bay and the rear battery pack. Under sustained highway-speed conditions where IMA current draw is high, degraded connector contact resistance causes a voltage drop that triggers the motor control unit to cut IMA assist. The dropout is typically sudden, accompanied by IMA warning illumination, and may self-clear on ignition cycle, making diagnosis difficult without connector resistance measurement under load.

Symptoms to notice

Sudden complete loss of IMA assist while cruising at highway speed
IMA warning light illuminating then clearing after engine restart
Intermittent IMA system unavailable indication with no stored code
Fault pattern worsens as cabin temperature increases
No assist available until ignition cycle completed

What to check

Inspect IMA motor power harness connector and motor control module connector terminals for fretting corrosion, discolouration, or pin retraction.
Measure contact resistance at the motor harness connector under IMA load using a milliohm meter.
Review full IMA fault code history including cleared intermittent codes.

Where to look: IMA motor control unit wiring harness routing from engine bay to rear battery pack

Parts involved: Body corrosion.

Ask the seller

“Has IMA assist ever cut out suddenly while driving on the motorway?”
“Does the IMA warning light come on intermittently and then clear by itself?”
“Have any intermittent IMA faults been recorded even if they self-cleared?”

07IMA Battery Cooling Fan Blockage Causing Thermal Shutdown

Remove left rear trim panel and inspect the cooling fan intake grille for lint and debris blockage.hybrid2010–2016Electrical$80–$450Read the full fault: symptoms, where to look, what to ask the seller

Body, brakes, suspension & interior4

08Rear Disc Brake Caliper Piston Seizure from Corrosion

Attempt to slide the caliper on its guide pins by hand; stiff or immovable calipers require service.2010–2016Brakes$320–$900

OccasionalBrakes $320–$900 to fix

The CR-Z is fitted with rear disc brakes, and the single-piston sliding calipers are susceptible to piston corrosion and seizure, particularly on New Zealand-registered examples exposed to coastal salt air or wet road conditions. A seized or partially seized rear caliper piston prevents full pad retraction after braking, keeping the rear pad in contact with the rotor and generating localised heat, accelerated and uneven pad wear, and a drag feeling under light acceleration. In advanced cases the seized caliper causes the affected rear rotor to develop heavy scoring, hot spots, or thermal cracking.

Symptoms to notice

Uneven rear pad wear, with inner pad significantly more worn than outer or vice versa
Drag sensation or reduced fuel economy from rear brake binding
Rear wheel or rotor noticeably hot to the touch after normal driving
Vehicle pulling to one side under braking if only one rear caliper is seized
Scoring or grooves visible on rear rotors without equivalent wear on pads

What to check

Attempt to slide the caliper on its guide pins by hand; stiff or immovable calipers require service. Inspect rotors for scoring, heat marks, or blue discolouration indicating sustained drag. After a test drive, cautiously feel each rear wheel rim for excessive heat compared to the front. If a workshop inspection is possible: Remove rear wheels and inspect pad thickness on both inner and outer pad of each rear caliper — significantly uneven wear between inner and outer pads on the same side indicates the caliper is not sliding freely.

Where to look: Rear brake calipers, left and right, mounted on rear knuckle behind each rear wheel

Parts involved: Brake disc and pads, Body corrosion.

Ask the seller

“When were the rear brake pads and rotors last replaced, and do you have receipts?”
“Have the rear calipers ever been rebuilt or replaced?”
“Is there any pulling to one side under braking, or does the car brake evenly?”

09Front lower arm ball joint wear at high mileage

Inspect ball joint dust boot for splits or grease loss indicating contamination and premature wear.hybrid2010–2015Suspension$350–$900Read the full fault: symptoms, where to look, what to ask the seller

10Rear drum brake adjuster seizure

Inspect adjuster wheels for corrosion and check freedom of movement.hybrid2010–2016Brakes$250–$700

CommonBrakes $250–$700 to fix

The CR-Z ZF1 uses rear drum brakes. The self-adjusting mechanism uses a threaded adjuster wheel that corrodes and seizes, preventing automatic adjustment as the linings wear. A seized adjuster causes the rear drums to adjust too wide, leading to excessive pedal travel, reduced braking efficiency, and ultimately brake shoe-to-drum contact at the wrong geometry. Common on NZ/AU examples due to road salt and moisture exposure under the vehicle.

Symptoms to notice

Long or spongy brake pedal travel
Rear brake effectiveness reduced
Squealing from rear drums at slow speed
Handbrake requiring more travel than normal to hold the vehicle

What to check

Inspect adjuster wheels for corrosion and check freedom of movement.
Check lining thickness and wear pattern.
Inspect drums for scoring.
Verify handbrake adjustment and cable condition.
If a workshop inspection is possible: Remove both rear drums.

Where to look: Rear drum brake assemblies, both left and right adjuster mechanisms

Ask the seller

“When were the rear brakes last inspected?”
“Does the brake pedal feel soft or travel further than expected?”
“Has the handbrake needed adjustment recently?”

11Electric Power Steering Rack Rattle at Low Speed

The CR-Z uses a column-mounted electric power steering (EPS) motor driving a conventional rack-and-pinion via a worm gear.2010–2016Suspension$180–$1,800

OccasionalSuspension $180–$1,800 to fix

The CR-Z uses a column-mounted electric power steering (EPS) motor driving a conventional rack-and-pinion via a worm gear. Several ZF1 and ZF2 examples develop an intermittent rattle or knock from the steering rack at low speeds, particularly during slow-speed manoeuvring in car parks or when rolling over low-frequency surface undulations at walking pace. The fault is typically traced to wear in the rack tie-rod end bushings, internal rack preload loss allowing the rack to knock against its housing, or looseness developing at the intermediate shaft universal joint. Honda issued informal guidance to dealers on EPS rattle investigation procedures.

Symptoms to notice

Rattle or knock from steering area during slow-speed parking manoeuvres
Clunk felt through the steering wheel when rolling over small bumps at low speed
Intermittent noise that disappears at speeds above 20 km/h
Loose or imprecise on-centre feel with slight free-play in the steering wheel

What to check

With the vehicle stationary, rock the steering wheel left and right through small inputs while listening for knock or rattle from beneath the dashboard or from under the car. Have an assistant observe the intermediate steering shaft and both rack tie-rod ends while you apply small steering inputs. Check tie-rod end boots for cracking and attempt to wiggle the tie-rod ends laterally to check for play. Note whether the noise is present only during low-speed manoeuvring.

Where to look: Steering rack under front subframe, and intermediate steering shaft below dashboard

Parts involved: Steering rack.

Ask the seller

“Is there any rattle or knock from the steering when parking or driving slowly?”
“Has the power steering system ever been inspected or serviced for noise?”
“Does the steering feel precise on-centre, or is there any looseness or play?”

Depends on which engine this Honda CR-Z has — 4Each of these is documented for one particular engine. Pick the year and engine above to see which of them apply.

Engine, transmission & cooling4

01CVT belt judder under light throttle engagement

Road test at a steady 40-50 km/h with very light throttle and note any rhythmic shudder.hybrid2010–2015TransmissionCan't confirm for this car$400–$3,500

OccasionalTransmission $400–$3,500 to fix

Can't confirm for this car

The Honda MFHA continuously variable transmission fitted to CR-Z CVT variants exhibits steel push-belt slip and judder at light throttle openings, typically between 20 and 60 km/h. The condition manifests as a rhythmic shudder transmitted through the drivetrain and floorpan. Root cause is progressive wear of the belt-to-pulley contact faces combined with degraded or overdue CVT fluid. The shudder typically eases under harder throttle when line pressure increases. A CVT fluid flush resolves early-stage cases; advanced wear requires belt or transmission replacement.

Symptoms to notice

Rhythmic shudder or vibration under light throttle between 20-60 km/h
Shudder felt through floorpan and seat during gentle acceleration
Condition eases when throttle is applied more firmly
Surging or hunting sensation at steady light throttle cruise

What to check

Road test at a steady 40-50 km/h with very light throttle and note any rhythmic shudder.
Check CVT fluid colour and smell for discolouration or burnt odour indicating belt wear debris.
Verify CVT fluid change interval in service history.

Where to look: MFHA CVT unit, steel push-belt and variable pulley assembly

Parts involved: CVT belt and pulleys.

Ask the seller

“When was the CVT fluid last changed and with what specification fluid?”
“Has the CVT transmission ever been serviced or rebuilt?”
“Is there any shudder or vibration during gentle acceleration?”

02CVT MFHA solenoid failure causing harsh ratio hunting

Scan for CVT linear solenoid fault codes including P0745, P0748, and P0778.hybrid2010–2015TransmissionCan't confirm for this car$800–$2,800

OccasionalTransmission $800–$2,800 to fix

Can't confirm for this car

The linear solenoid assembly within the Honda MFHA CVT valve body regulates line pressure and pulley ratio. Contaminated or aged CVT fluid causes solenoid valve wear and partial blockage of the solenoid feed passages, resulting in erratic and harsh ratio-change behaviour. The transmission hunts for the correct ratio under steady throttle, producing surging and abrupt engagements. Fault codes for linear solenoid A or B circuit malfunction are commonly stored alongside CVT fluid pressure codes. Solenoid cleaning or replacement combined with a full CVT fluid flush is required; severe cases require valve body or transmission replacement.

Symptoms to notice

Harsh or jerky ratio changes during steady-speed driving
Transmission hunting or surging under light throttle load
Shock felt on selecting Drive from Park or Reverse
Check engine light with CVT linear solenoid fault codes stored
Delayed or sluggish response to throttle input at low speed

What to check

Scan for CVT linear solenoid fault codes including P0745, P0748, and P0778.
Check CVT fluid level and condition for discolouration or metallic contamination.
Road test for ratio hunting at constant 50-80 km/h cruise.
Inspect transmission sump magnet for fine metal debris.

Where to look: CVT valve body internal solenoid assembly, MFHA transmission unit

Parts involved: Mechatronic / valve body.

Ask the seller

“Has the CVT ever triggered a check engine light or stored a fault code?”
“Has the CVT fluid been changed at the manufacturer-recommended interval?”
“Is the transmission smooth and surge-free at highway cruise speed?”

036-Speed Manual Clutch Wear from Spirited Driving

Test clutch engagement point position — a very high biting point indicates significant wear.hybrid2010–2016TransmissionCan't confirm for this car$950–$1,800

OccasionalTransmission $950–$1,800 to fix

Can't confirm for this car

The CR-Z 6-speed manual (sourced from the K-series-adjacent cable-operated unit) is paired with an unusually high flywheel-mounted IMA motor, and the clutch assembly is sized for economy driving rather than performance use. Owners who exploit the Sport mode or drive the CR-Z enthusiastically, particularly in stop-and-go urban traffic, experience accelerated clutch disc and pressure plate wear, with slipping apparent under hard acceleration in upper gears. Premature wear is compounded by the dual mass flywheel design on some build dates, which can exhibit shudder on engagement before the disc itself is technically worn out.

Symptoms to notice

Clutch slipping under hard acceleration, evidenced by engine RPM rising without matching vehicle speed increase
High clutch biting point, close to top of pedal travel
Shudder or judder on smooth clutch engagement from rest
Burning smell from drivetrain area after spirited driving

What to check

Test clutch engagement point position — a very high biting point indicates significant wear.
In a safe area, apply full throttle in third gear from low RPM; any RPM flare without corresponding vehicle acceleration indicates clutch slip.
Check for shudder on smooth take-up from rest, which may indicate flywheel surface damage.
Ask when the clutch was last replaced and request service records.

Where to look: Clutch assembly between engine and 6-speed gearbox, accessed from below

Parts involved: Clutch.

Ask the seller

“Has the clutch ever been replaced, and at what mileage?”
“How was the car primarily driven — city commuting, motorway, or enthusiastically?”
“Does the clutch engage smoothly without any shudder or slipping sensation?”

04CVT shudder on the automatic models

Test drive feeling for shudder and hesitation, and check CVT fluid service history and condition.hybrid2010–2016TransmissionCan't confirm for this car$300–$3,500

OccasionalTransmission $300–$3,500 to fix

Can't confirm for this car

CVT-equipped CR-Zs can develop shudder and hesitation, especially at low speed or when the fluid is old, as the belt and pulleys wear. Regular CVT fluid changes are essential and neglected units can fail.

Symptoms to notice

Shudder at low speed
Hesitation from a stop
Droning under acceleration
Slipping feeling

What to check

Test drive feeling for shudder and hesitation, and check CVT fluid service history and condition.

Where to look: CVT transmission

Ask the seller

“Any shudder or hesitation?”
“Has the CVT fluid been changed regularly?”
“Any transmission warnings?”

Honda CR-Z faults in detail

Each of these has its own page: the symptoms, where to look, what to ask the seller and what the repair costs. Free, no account needed.

Front lower arm ball joint wear at high mileageMajor · Suspension IMA Battery Cooling Fan Blockage Causing Thermal ShutdownMajor · Electrical IMA battery voltage sag triggering dual warning lightsMajor · Electrical IMA NiMH Traction Battery Cell DegradationMajor · Electrical

What these repairs cost on other cars

Some of the Honda CR-Z’s documented faults are repairs other models share. Each page lists the documented NZ cost for every model it affects.

Other Honda models

Honda CR-V59 documented faults Honda Accord55 documented faults Honda Jazz51 documented faults Honda Legend15 documented faults Honda Prelude13 documented faults Honda S200013 documented faults

Honda CR-Z buyer questions

Is the Honda CR-Z reliable?

Like any used car, it depends on the specific example and its service history. Across the 15 documented faults for the Honda CR-Z, the recurring problem areas are electrical, transmission, and brakes. A Honda CR-Z with a full service history and no signs of the issues listed on this page can be a sound buy but each one needs to be checked individually before you commit.

What are the most common problems with a used Honda CR-Z?

We've catalogued 15 known faults for the Honda CR-Z, covering electrical, transmission, and brakes. All 15 are written out in full on this page, with the symptoms to notice, what to inspect, and typical repair costs for each. Free to read, no account needed.

How much do repairs cost on a Honda CR-Z?

Most single repairs on the Honda CR-Z fall between $400–$1,800 at NZ independent-workshop rates. Some of the 15 documented faults cost less and a few cost considerably more, and no one car needs them all. Knowing which ones to look for before you view is what lets you negotiate the price down or walk away.

Should I get a pre-purchase inspection on a Honda CR-Z?

Yes. A Honda CR-Z inspection focused on its known weak points is the single best way to avoid an expensive mistake. KickTyres gives you a guided, model-specific inspection plus a market valuation and negotiation figure for $24.90 far less than the cost of missing one of the faults on this page.